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hell & paradise in buddhism
What is hell & paradise in buddhism?
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Neither pain nor pleasure is enlightenment.
I suppose if you want to strictly speaking give an equivalent, there is Samsara and there is Nibbana.
but you will find most Buddhists tend to roughly equate Samsara with self-imposed suffering, and Nibbana with complete realisation and acceptance of things as they are, and the ultimate in perfect existence.
They are not places, as such. More states of being.
Heaven - and Hell - are right here, right now, as you yourself create them.
If you travel in Buddhist lands, you will meet people who believe in these as 'real places', just as you will find Christians or Muslims who have the same fairy-tale view. You will also come across others for whom they are 'psychological states', which is the preferred Western exegesis. A major difference between the Christo-Muslim view and the Buddhist is that Buddhist hell is not eternal damnation, as a result of the concept of rebirth.
Heaven, on the other hand, is often seen as equivalent to nibbana, which puts it on a different plane from the hell realms. This photo, poor as it is, which I took at the Norbulinka Institute near Dharamsala illustrates the point. The hell realms remain on the Wheel of Rebirth whilst the Buddha stands outside the wheel, beyond reward and punishment.
Nibbana is the cessation of all perceptions and feelings. In heaven there are still perceptions and feelings.
Nibbana is called "the Deathless". Devas (heavenly beings) are still subject to birth and death.
There is, of course, no single view of 'Heaven'. It is not even possible to say that all the Heaven myths entail perceptions and feelings. Many Christian mystics envisage complete dissolution into God.
That having been said, Heavens are a fascinating study. There are so many images that humans have created for themselves, from the 'quiet waters' of the Psalmist to the hurly-burly of Asgard. It seems to me that the image of Heaven adopted by a culture reflects what the lack and yearn for.
The second photo is of the upper right-hand quadrant of the first. It shows the head of the protective deity holding the Wheel whilst, outside and above the Wheel, the Buddha stands, showing that there is a way off.
Heaven... Non-becoming, wholeness, completeness, ever-home, the world is a radiant gesture, full and whole.
....that's one way of looking at it. A Catholic guy who sits regularly with a local Zen group can relate to that.
The Heaven most Christians talk about is a nice part of the wheel of becoming, not letting go of the whole wheel. But apparently many Buddhist are aiming for that too. The Pure land schools seem to.
It is interesting that Images of the Bhavacakra always show a Buddha showing the way to liberation from the Heaven realms as well as the Hell realms.
Man it would be fun to paint one of those.