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While Pinker emphasizes the progress made by humanity overall, including in developing countries, some critics argue that this progress often came at the expense of marginalized and oppressed groups, such as indigenous populations and former slaves.

Scholars such as Indigenous rights activist Winona LaDuke and anthropologist Wade Davis argue that Pinker's analysis overlooks the profound impacts of colonialism and imperialism on indigenous cultures. They suggest that Pinker's focus on Western achievements neglects the diverse perspectives and experiences of non-Western cultures and fails to adequately address the ongoing struggles of indigenous peoples.

Environmentalists like Naomi Klein and Vandana Shiva critique Pinker's optimistic view of progress, particularly regarding environmental sustainability. They argue that Pinker's emphasis on economic growth and technological advancement overlooks the ecological crises facing the planet, such as climate change and biodiversity loss. They suggest that a more holistic approach to progress is needed, one that prioritizes environmental stewardship and social justice alongside economic development

The exploitation of indigenous lands and resources by colonial powers did indeed contribute to the economic progress of those powers, but it often came at great cost to indigenous peoples. They were often displaced from their lands, their resources were depleted, and their cultures were suppressed or destroyed. Similarly, the legacy of slavery continues to affect descendants of enslaved peoples, who face ongoing struggles for equality and justice in many parts of the world.

This highlights the often unequal nature of progress, where advancements for some come at the expense of others.

Much of the economic progress of the colonial powers came about by the exploitation of indigenous lands and resources but the indigenous populations and others such has former slaves didn't benefit as much, they are still having to fight for their rights in many parts of the world...

This brings back memories The Guardian Article from 2021

Outcry as Trump officials to transfer sacred Native American land to miners. As one of its last acts, the Trump administration has set in motion the transfer of sacred Native American lands to a pair of Anglo-Australian mining conglomerates

Things to keep in mind...

Pinker mainly talks about progress from a Western perspective and overlooks how progress can mean different things in different cultures. Also, he doesn't fully consider how colonialism and imperialism have influenced the progress of societies, often leaving out the struggles and contributions of non-Western civilizations.

Moreover, colonial powers often exploited indigenous lands and resources for their own economic gain, without regard for the well-being of indigenous communities. This exploitation led to the dispossession of ancestral lands, disrupting indigenous economies and traditional land management practices. For instance, treaties and agreements negotiated with indigenous peoples were often disregarded or manipulated by colonial governments, resulting in the loss of land and resources vital for indigenous livelihoods.

When discussing progress, it's important to acknowledge these historical injustices and their ongoing impacts on indigenous communities' perspectives on development and progress.

However, in saying this... it's not all bad...
Indigenous movements have successfully advocated for recognition of their land rights and sovereignty. In some countries, legal victories and treaties have been secured, granting indigenous communities greater control over their traditional territories and resources.

In some countries indigenous communities are leading efforts to protect biodiversity, combat climate change, and promote sustainable development practices.

Some Indigenous communities are also gaining greater political representation and participation in decision-making processes. Indigenous leaders are being elected to local, regional, and national offices, advocating for the rights and interests of their communities.

A number of indigenous communities around the world have undertaken efforts to preserve and revitalize their languages, traditions, and cultural practices. Through language immersion programs, cultural festivals, and community initiatives, indigenous peoples are reclaiming and celebrating their heritage.